在内在性与超验性之间——梅洛-庞蒂的肉身时间观

Between the Immanence and the Transcendence

梅洛 -庞蒂认为时间是肉身主体在世存在的一种生存维度 ,它呈现为一种知觉场 ,它由处于核心的 (广义的 )现在和处于边缘的 (广义的 )过去与将来构成。现在借助于一种时间的过渡综合 ,而成为一种具有厚度的时间层 ,过去与将来 (或者在特殊意义上的出生和死亡 )则是围绕着现在的一种视域或氛围。对主体来说 ,它们都既是内在的 ,又是超验的。这种时间场的结构使主体性、主体的认识、主体的自由及主体间性成为可能。

Merleau-Ponty considers time as a dimension of corporal subjectivity's being-in-the-world. It appears as a perceptive field configured by the central present and the past and future on the fringe. The present is a temporal layer with thickness by a transitive synthesis. Both the past and the future (or specially the birth and death) are horizons or atmosphere around it. For subjects, they are both immanent and transcendent. This structure of temporality makes possible the subjectivity, the knowledge and freedom of subject and the inter-subjectivity.