面神经颊支的应用解剖

Applied anatomy of buccal branches of facial nerve

目的:观测分析面神经颊支的分支类型及其与腮腺管之间的解剖关系,为腮腺区手术提供解剖学基础。方法:60例成人头部标本,观测面神经颊支的分支类型、行程、神经与腮腺管的位置关系。结果:面神经颊支以双干型多见(58.3％),三干型次之(28.3％)。神经多行于腮腺管浅面(73.3％)。腮腺管走行在颊支之间的占61.7％,导管距上颊支垂直距离约4.86 mm;腮腺管走行在神经下方者占11.7％,距下颊支的垂直距离约1.71 mm;腮腺管走行在神经上方者占26.7％,距上颊支的垂直距离约2.56 mm。结论:面神经颊支多行于腮腺管浅层,与腮腺管关系十分密切,腮腺区手术时循颊支向后追踪面神经是比较安全、有效的方法,容易掌握。

Objective :To provide the morphologic data for operations of parotid region. Methods : Buccal branches of the facial nerve and its anatomic relationship to parotid duct was studied on 60 sides of adult head specimens. Results : Buccal branches of the facial nerve mainly existed in the form of double trunks (58. 3% ) followed by 3 trunks (28. 3% ). It mainly existed on the superficies of parotid duct. The parotid duct was between the buccal branches of facial nerve (37 sides, 61.7%). The vertical distance from duct to upper buccal branches was approximately 4. 86 mm. There were 7 sides (11.7%) with parotid duct below buccal branches of facial nerve. The vertical distance from duct to lower buccal branches was approximately 1.71 mm. Parotid duct ran upper buccal branches of facial nerve (16 sides, 26. 7% ). The vertical distance from duct to upper buccal branches was about 2.56 mm. Conclusion : Buccal branches of the facial nerve mainly have double trunks and 3 trunks. There are intimate anatomic relationship between the buccal branches of the facial nerve and parotid duct. It is shown that facial nerve behind in parotid region is safe in operation.