叙事视角的转换——论“临川四梦”对唐代相关小说的改编

Research on the Exchange of Narrative Angles from the Adaptations of the Tang Dynasty Novels by Tang Xianzu

“临川四梦”直接或间接地取材于唐代小说。汤显祖在改编唐人小说之际,对其叙事视角也加以改造。相比之下,唐代相关小说《霍小玉传》、《枕中记》、《南柯太守传》、《离魂记》显示了丰富多样的视角操作艺术,并以多视角叙事为主,汤显祖则根据戏剧舞台演出的需要,在叙事视角上通过五种手段将叙述者隐身于戏剧人物之中,使戏剧中的许多人物具有了显在的叙事功能,这种替身的叙事在本质上是一种全知叙事,由此可以窥见汤显祖戏剧叙事艺术之一斑。

The content of Linchuan Simeng (Four Dreams at Lachuan) is originated directly or indirectly from the contents of Tang Dynasty legendary novels. When the novelist Tang Xianzu adapted these novels , he changed their narrative angles as well. Comparing these novels and dramas, we can find that those novels of Tang Dynasty, such as Huo Xiaoyu Biography, The tales in Pillow , Biography of Nanke Prefecture Chief, Li Hun ji, depicts events from multi - narrative angles, while Tang Xianzu was good at hiding narrators behind actors through 5 ways so as to endow actors the functions of narration. Sucha way of narration is in essence omniscience - narration, from which we can find the achievement in the narrative skills of his dramas clearly.