基于建构主义的师生互动教学实践

INTERACTIVE INSTRUCTION BASED ON CONSTRUCTIVISM

建构主义认为,学习不单是知识由外到内的转移和传递,而是学习者主动地建构自己的知识经验的过程,学生不是被动的信息吸收者,相反,他要主动地建构信息的意义,这种建构离不开教师的指导,但又不可能由教师代替。与这一观点相适应,教学也必须要把焦点从教师转到学生,从教师中心转到师生互动。因此,在高校教学中在系统讲授的前提下可尝试运用问题讨论、分组活动、角色扮演、小课题作业等学生积极参与的教学方法,帮助学生实践自主学习,将课堂还给学生,让学生成为自主学习者。同时要防止陷入“学生中心”的认识误区。

Constructivism holds that learning is not only an input of knowledge but also a process of learners' constructing knowledge and experience. That is to say, learners are not passive in receiving information, but active in constructing information. This process of construction calls for the teacher's guidance but not substitution. In correspondence to it, the focus of teaching must be shifted from teacher to students, from teacher's action to interaction between teacher and students. Therefore, various teaching methods can be employed in institutions of higher learning, such as discussion on a certain subject, group activities, role play and task assignment in which students are active participants, preconditioned by teacher's systematic lectures. It is helpful for students to learn to be independent and to be active learners. It is also important to stay away from 'centralism of students'.