宁夏不同基因型春小麦磷营养的差异

Differences in Phosphorus Nutrition in Spring Wheat of Different Genotypes in Ningxia Province

在不同施磷土壤条件下 ,研究了宁夏春小麦 10 0个基因型的磷营养性状的差异。结果表明 ,在低磷条件下 ,小麦籽粒产量和生物学产量在基因型间存在极显著差异 (P <0 0 1) ,而在高磷条件下存在显著差异 (P <0 0 5 )。不论施磷与否 ,茎叶和籽粒中含磷量以及磷吸收累积量、磷利用效率、磷肥利用率和施磷增产率等在基因型间均存在极显著差异(P <0 0 1)。在低磷条件下 ,基因型间籽粒产量变幅在 0 36 8～ 0 716kg m2 之间 ,平均为 0 5 5 1kg m2 ,变异系数为 14 0 % ;籽粒生产中的磷利用效率变化在 16 0 1～ 4 4 8.3g g之间 ,平均为 2 2 3.1g g ,变异系数为 2 3.0 %。从中筛选出低磷高产高效品种 8个。在高磷条件下 ,基因型间籽粒产量变幅在 0 4 38～ 0 76 1kg m2 之间 ,平均为 0 6 4 3kg m2 ,变异系数为 9 7% ;籽粒生产中的磷利用效率变化在 15 0 9～ 35 0 9g g之间 ,平均为 2 2 9.8g g ,变异系数为 2 0 6 %。从中筛选出高磷高产高效品种 7个。同时通过相关分析 ,研究了不同供磷条件下磷利用效率与其他营养性状之间的关系 ,提出了培育磷高效品种的有用性状指标。

Field experiments were conducted to study the differences in phosphorus nutrition in spring wheat of various genotypes under the different rates of phosphorus application in Ningxia Province. The results showed that both grain yield and biological yield were significantly different among wheat genotypes under lower levels of phosphorus supply. They were significantly different among wheat genotypes under higher levels of phosphorus supply also. The phosphorus content in grain and stem with leaves,phosphorus accumulation in grain and in overground parts of plant,phosphorus utilization efficiency,utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer,yield increment percentage under phosphorus applied were significantly different at the 1% level among wheat genotypes at the same phosphorus supply. Under lower levels of phosphorus supply,the grain yields were ranged from 0_368 to 0_716 kg/m 2,and were 0_551 kg/m 2 on average,the coefficient of variation was 14_0%. The phosphorus utilization efficiencies in grain production were ranged from 160_1 g/g to 448.3 g/g,and were 223.1 g/g on average,the coefficient of variation was 23.0%. Eight cultivars of both high yield and high phosphorus utilization efficiency have been selected from 100 wheat cultivars under lower levels of phosphorus supply.Under higher levels of phosphorus supply,the grain yields were ranged from 0_438 to 0_761 kg/m 2,and were 0_643 kg/m 2 on average,the coefficient of variation was 9.7%. The phosphorus utilization efficiencies in grain production were varied from 150_9 g/g to 350_9 g/g,and were 229.8 g/g on average,the coefficient of variation was 20_6%. Seven cultivars of both high yield and high phosphorus utilization efficiency have been selected from 100 wheat cultivars under higher levels of phosphorus supply. The relationships between phosphorus utilization efficiency and nutritional characteristics of wheat cultivars were studied by correlation analysis at the different levels of phosphorus supply. The good characters and indices for culturing and breeding the cultivars of wheat with high efficiency of phosphorus were put forward.