清末放垦与鄂尔多斯东南缘土地沙化问题

RELAXATION OF RECLAIMING WASTELAND IN THE LAST YEAES OF THE QING DYNASTY AND DESERTIZATION OF SOUTHEASTERN FRINGE OF ORTOS PLATEAU

清代,人类开发干预与转为干冷及温干的气候相共轭。清末为维护统治,实行的"放垦蒙地"、"移民实边"政策,是破坏鄂尔多斯生态脆弱地区的植被、诱使毛乌素沙地东南缘土地沙化的主要社会趋动因素。然清末放垦并不是造成鄂尔多斯草原沙化的主要原因,而是在自然因素和人为因素长期综合作用下,生态脆弱的覆沙地区人类过度利用,或不合理的经济活动诱发引起。第三、四纪以来,青藏高原隆升造成该地区生态脆弱性,是易于发生土地沙化的根本原因。

In the Qing Dynasty, artificially imposed development and dry cold weather and moderate dry weather affected the area together. The policy of 'Relaxation of reclaiming Mongolian wasteland' and 'Migrating people and strengthening the border' is the principally social promotive factor for destroying the vegetation in the fragile zone ecological envionment of Ortos Plateau and luring the desertization of the southeastern fringe of Mu Us Desert. The desertization is not the result of the relaxation of reelaiming wasteland, but the result of the long and comprehensive effect of natural factors and artificial factors, the over-utilizatlon of sand-covered area of ecological fragility or the unreasonably economic activities. Above all, the swell of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau resulted in the formation of ecological fragility of the area and is also the fundamental reason for desertization in Tertiary period and Quaternary period.