论清代诗学的学术史特征

Characteristics of the Academic History of the Qing poetics

清代是个学术的时代,尽管经有古今之分,学有汉宋之异,但追求学术的独创性、实证学风和学术史视野,始终是清代学术最显豁的特征,也是清代诗学的学术精神和方法论背景。清代诗学虽不以原创性为突出特征,但力求突破前人藩篱的创新意识与实证学风相结合,却带来理论阐释、诗人评论及作品分析上空前的深刻和细致,对学术史研究的重视更赋予它善于总结前代理论遗产、推源溯流、包容古今的集大成色彩。清代诗学家评论当代诗歌的历史感、讨论理论问题的学术史意识和诗歌史研究的热情,无不显出其学术精神与当代学术的相通。本文有鉴于此,试图从清代诗学的学术精神入手,探讨清代诗学的学术史特征,从清代诗学著述的丰富性、专门性和实证性来看清代诗学的学术性,从历代诗学文献整理、传统诗学阐释和诗歌史研究三个方面论述清代诗学整体上的集大成意义。

The Qing Dynasty is an era of academics. Though classics are categorized into the ancient and contemporary, and scholarships of the Han and Song differ from each other, the purcuit of learning,and a vision for academic history has always been the most remarkable characteristics of the Qing academics; it is also the academic spirit and the background of methodoligy of the Qing poetics. The Qing poetics is impressive not particularly for its inventiveness, but its sense of originality striving for a breakthrough of the hedges of its predecessor, together with a positivistic attitude of learning, has brought about an unprecedented profundity and meticulousness in theoretical interpretation , criticism of poets, and analysis of literary works. And an emphasis on the study of academic history has given it a touch of agglomeration of summarizing the theoretical heritages of the previous generations, tracing back to its origins, and encompassing both ancient and contemporary accomplishments. The sense of history in criticizing contemporary poetry, the sense of academic history in discussing theoretical issues, and the passion for studies on the history of poetry shown by the Qing scholars of poetics all indicate the congruity between their academic spirit and modern academics. Setting out from this, the paper attempts to probe into the characteristics of the academic history of the Qing poetics, approach its academic qualities from the richness, positivism of treatises on poetics of the Qing Dynasty, and discuss the comprehensive significance of the Qing poetics regarded as a whole from three aspects , namely, sorting out literature on poetics from all generations, interpretation of traditional poetics, and research on the history of poems.