早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线摄片及超声诊断

Early breast cancer: diagnosis with mammography and ultrasonography

目的 讨论早期乳腺癌的钼靶X线和超声表现及其对乳腺癌诊断的意义。方法 经手术病理证实的T1期乳腺癌 11例 ;每例均行双侧乳腺轴位 (正位 )及斜位摄片 ,必要时加拍病灶局部加压放大和 /或切线位摄片。 8例对乳腺各个象限作纵横切超声扫描并用彩色多普勒观察病灶内部及周边血流情况。结果 X线表现为结节肿块影 9例(81.82 % ) ,小灶致密影 1例 (9.0 9% ) ,微小钙化 4例 (36 .36 % ) ,局部血运增加 5例 (4 5 .4 5 % ) ,脂肪层浑浊 4例 (36 .36 % ) ,皮肤增厚、凹陷 3例 (2 7.2 7% ) ,乳头固定、内陷 3例 (2 7.2 7% ) ,彗星尾征 4例 (36 .36 % ) ,伪足征 4例 (36 .36 % ) ,导管征 2例 (18.18% )。超声表现为不均匀低回声实性占位 7例 (87.5 % ) ,低回声带 1例 (12 .5 0 % ) ,细点状钙化 3例(37.5 0 % ) ,血流信号 6例 (75 .0 0 % )。结论 ①早期乳腺癌的X线表现常不太典型 ,需格外注意 ,尤其要注意间接X线征象。②超声扫描辅助X线检查是提高乳腺癌早期诊断率的最基本和互补的影像检查方法。

Objective To assess the characteristic mammographic and ultrasonographic appearances and diagnositic values of early breast cancer. Methods Eleven cases of early breast cancer confirmed histologically were all performed with mammography, and 8 of these cases were performed with ultrasonography. Results Mammographic appearances include masses(9, 81.82%), small focus of increased density (1, 9.09%), microcalcifications (4, 36.36%), increased focal vascularity (5, 45.45%), cloudy fatty (4, 36.36%), skin thicken (3, 27.27%), nipple depressed (3, 27.27%), comet-tail sign (4, 36.36%), pseudopod sign (4, 36.36%), and canal sign (2, 18.18%). Ultrasonographic appearances include inhomogeneous hypoechoic (7, 87.5%), zonal hypoechoic (1, 12.50%), calcifications (3, 37.50%), and blood flow (6, 75.00%). Conclusion ①Usually mammographic characteristics of early breast cancer are not typical. We need to pay more attention to these signs, especially to the indirect X-ray signs. ②Mammography with supplementary ultrasonography is the essential and intersupplemental imaging methods to enhance the diagnosis of early breast cancer.