气候变化对植物物候影响的研究进展

Review and Prospect in the Researches of Influence of Climate Change on Plant Phenology

影响物候期变化的因子主要有生物因素和环境因素,后者对物候期影响更显著,其中气温、光照和水分是最主要的影响因子。目前对物候学的研究方向主要集中在探讨物候与气候变化之间的关系。研究表明,随着近年气温的升高,植物生长季延长、春季物候期提前、秋季物候期推迟成为一种全球趋势。欧洲国际物候观测园1959年～1996年间的资料表明,植物春季物候期提前了6 3天,秋季物候期推迟了4 5天,生长季长度延长10 8天。归一化植被指数(NDVI)资料显示,在过去20年内,欧亚地区植物生长季延长了18天左右、北美延长了12天。针对我国而言,采用全国物候观测网的物候观测资料与气象资料进行统计分析,建立物候与年平均气候的线性统计模式,利用该模式计算表明:年平均温度每上升1℃,我国各种木本植物物候期,春季一般提前3天～4天,而秋季一般推迟3天～4天,绿叶期延长6天～8天。

Biological and environmental factors are the main factors that influence plant phenology, especially the latter, among which the dominating factors are air temperature, photoperiod and water. At present, the researches focus on the study of the relationship between phonological changes and climate change. Now a lengthening of growing season, an advancing of the spring events and a delaying of the autumn events are a global trend. An earlier onset of biological spring by 6.3 days, a delay of autumn by 4.5 days and thus an lengthening of growing season have been reported across Europe for 1959～1996 from the IPG(International Phenology Garden) data. New NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) data suggest that the growing season has been prolonged nearly 18 days in Eurasia and 12 days in North America during the past two decades. The linear model derived from the observation and meteorology data shows one-degree increase of average air temperature is associated with an advance of spring phenology by 3～4 days, a delay of autumn events by 3～4 days, and a lengthening of the green leaf period by 6～8 days in China.