纳米晶材料的力学性能与研究进展

The Research Progress in Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials

纳米晶材料的强度远高于同成分的普通材料,而塑性却低于同成分的普通材料;纳米晶材料可在更低的温度、更高的应变速率下发生超塑性变形。最近的研究表明,纳米晶材料的本征性能有可能被其制备和后续处理过程的不完善所掩盖,因此仍需深入研究。综述了纳米晶材料的力学性能、变形机制的新进展,并探讨了发展趋势。

Compared with the normal materials with the same composition, nanocrystalline materials possess much higher strength but lower ductility. Nanocrystalline materials can exhibit superplasticity at lower temperature and higher deforming rate. Based on the research results up to date, it is suggested that some real properties of the nanocrystalline materials might have not been understood due to the defects introduced during materials preparation and treatment followed. So further study is necessary. In the papaer, the mechanical properties and deformation mechanism of nanocrystalline materials are reviewed and the developing tendency is discussed.