美国历史时期沙尘暴的治理及其对中国的借鉴意义

Historical Dust Storms in U.S. and Their Controls for References to China Today

近年来我国发生的沙尘暴和20世纪30年代美国、60年代前苏联的黑风暴极其相似,因此借鉴国外尤其是防治成功国家的经验,对当前我国沙尘暴的治理具有促进作用。该文根据美国农业部和美国国家图书馆等在网上发布的资料,详细评述了30年代美国沙尘暴发生的过程、机制及其终结,历史时期和现今美国主要的防治措施,在此基础上简要分析了美国和我国在沙尘暴治理上的异同,并根据我国的实际情况,就美国的防治思路和措施在我国的应用提出了相应的建议。借助美国的经验,中国治沙措施应与当地的经济发展相结合,以及土壤侵蚀的综合治理及与植被恢复措施相结合。此外,中国治沙已有近半个世纪的经验,应当从中遴选出并推广适宜于当地的防治措施。

Resent dust storms occurred in China are very similar to the dust storms or the black blizzards in America in 1930s and in Soviet Unions in 1960s. So by introduction the experience of their control methods in the processes of combating the dust storms, especially the ones of the country with successful management, it will provide much beneficial references to prevent and control the same natural disasters in China today. According to the published materials on internet by America State Library and US Department of Agriculture, this paper summarizes the causes, evolving processes, termination and control measures of the dust storms both in 1930s and recent years in U.S.. This paper also briefly compares the dust storms between America and China, and based on these, the US references to China is presented. Learning from the experience of the historical dust storms control in U.S., China should integrate the control measures to the local economical policies so that these measures can be implemented for a long time. Dust storm is one of the soil erosion disasters, its management should be integrative with the control measures for local water erosion, vegetation recovering and relocation of land use, etc. Besides, China has combated desertification for nearly a half century, so native control measures should be selected and popularized for the same target.