环境因素对感知绊倒风险的影响

Effects of environmental factors on perception of tripping risks

为探讨环境因素中照明条件、步道、障碍物形式、障碍物颜色和障碍物高度等因子对被绊倒风险主观评分的影响,开展明暗2个集区、2种试验步道、2种不同形式(板和杆)、2种不同颜色(黑色和白色)和5种障碍物高度的试验,被试在行走前后给出感知的被绊倒风险等级(RRT),试验人员给出被试的步态干扰等级(RD)并记录行走时间。结果表明:照明条件、障碍物形式、障碍物颜色和障碍物高度均显著影响RRT和RD;颜色对比度也显著影响RRT;暗环境条件下碰到障碍物的可能性是正常照明条件下的15倍。

In order to study the influence of environmental factors on the perception of tripping risks,this research is performed on the factors including lighting conditions,walkway,obstacle types,obstacle colors and heights.Experiments were made on the following cases:light and dimmed conditions,two kinds of walkways,two types of obstacles,namely plates and rods,two different colors(black and white)and five different heights.The rating of RRT was given by the subjects both before and after walking,and the rating of gait disturbance(RD)and the time of walking were recorded by the experimenter.The results show that the lighting condition,obstacle types,obstacle colors and heights all exert significant effects on both RRT and RD,and the color contrast also affects RRT significantly.The probability of contacting an obstacle under the dimmed condition is 15 times that under the normal lighting condition.