能同时成为中观师、秘密毗婆沙师和法称的忠实译者吗?——恰巴·却吉僧格的宗义分类及其哲学立场（英文）

Can one be a Mādhyamika,a Crypto-Vaibhāsika,and a Faithful Interpreter of Dharmakīrti?On Phya pa Chos kyi seng ge’s Doxographical Divisions and his own Philosophical Standpoint

本文探讨了藏族佛教学者恰巴·却吉僧格(1109-1169年)在界定的四重选择——理想主义与现实主义,表象主义和非表象主义中所采取的哲学立场。这些表现了中观框架里与传统有关的立场。通过对于恰巴四部相关著作的类比讨论(他的宗义著作、中观概要、知识论概要和法称《量抉择论》注疏),本文考察了恰巴对其中三个观点的反驳,从中可以看出他自己所采取的立场——非表象的外在现实主义。本文还讨论了恰巴的“毗婆沙—中观”观点在后期的描述中得到了何种程度的具体化,以及在法称认识论注释的框架里因为采取这样一个观点所引发的问题。附录中,作者提供了本文所讨论的四部著作的相关篇章的文本和英译。

This paper examines the philosophical position adopted by the Tibetan Buddhist scholar Phya pa Chos kyi seng ge(1109-1169) within a fourfold set defined by the options idealism vs.realism and representationalism vs. non-representationalism. These represent positions pertaining to the conventional level in a Madhyamaka framework. Based on parallel discussions on this topic in four of Phya pa’s works(his doxography, his Summary of Madhyamaka, his Summary of Epistemology and his commentary on Dharmakīrti’s Prarmānaviniscaya), I examine Phya pa’s arguments against three of these views and the tenets involved in the view he himself adopts, non-representational external realism. I discuss to what extent the later description of Phya pa’s view in terms of "Vaibhāsika-Madhyamaka" is substantiated, and the problems raised by the adoption of such a view in the framework of the exegesis of Dharmakīrti’s epistemology. In the appendices, I provide an edition and an English translation of the relevant passages from the four texts considered.