青海玉树勒巴沟古秀泽玛佛教摩崖造像调查简报

An Archaeological Survey Report of the Sku gzugs byon pa Buddhist Rock Carvings in the Leb ’khog Valley in Yul shul, Qinghai Province

古秀泽玛摩崖造像位于青海省玉树藏族自治州玉树县,造像由两铺阴线刻图像组成,分别为“礼佛图”和“说法图”。“礼佛图”中的佛为释迦牟尼佛,旁边的男供养人头戴高桶状冠帽,身穿翻领左衽长袍,是典型的吐蕃时期的服饰,通过与吐蕃时期赞普形象的对比,结合藏东地区发现的吐蕃时期的题记,推测该供养人为吐蕃赞普。说法图的主尊亦为释迦牟尼佛,其背屏样式、双狮垂帘座等的原型可以追溯到印度,是迄今藏区发现的较早的样式;但面部特征、圆形身光和桃尖形头光等与敦煌、藏东等地的造像有相似之处,具有明显的汉藏融合的特点。这两处造像的年代大约为8世纪下半叶至9世纪。

The site of the Sku gzugs byon pa Buddhist rock carvings is located in the Leb 'khog valley of the Yul shul Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, in Qinghai Province. It contains two engraved negative line etchings that previous scholars have named “Worshipping the Buddha” (Group A) and “Buddha’s Sermon” (Group B). The central image of Group A is a standing ?ākyamuni Buddha, the male donor next to him wears a high-barreled crown cap and left-handed lapels robe which is the typical costume of Tubo period. The authors suggest this figure is a Tibetan Tsanpo-ruler after a detailed comparison with similar images found in Dunhuang paintings and an analysis of the inscriptions found in east Tibetan area. The central figure of Group B is also ?ākyamuni Buddha, who is making the teaching gesture. The prototype of the back throne and the double-lion base with a curtain can be traced back to India. This is one of the earliest remains of this kind of art. The facial features and halos share some similarities with those paintings and stone carvings found in Dunhuang and east Tibetan area. This demonstrates an obvious characteristic of Han-Tibetan fusion. The date of this site is around the second half of the eighth to the ninth century.