西藏西部阿里卡尔东遗址2013年试掘出土动物遗存鉴定与分析

Identification and Analysis of Faunal Remains from Dkar dung Site of Mnga’ ris, West Tibet

西藏西部卡尔东遗址2013年度试掘中,通过筛选收集到动物遗存1331件,目前可鉴定标本数110件,代表的最小个体数为28个,主要包含有牦牛、山羊、绵羊等,均属遗址先民饲养的家畜。卡尔东先民对牦牛的利用可能包含使役及获取肉食资源,对羊类的利用则主要是获取肉食资源,可能也包含获取羊毛资源。结合遗址相关植物考古成果,卡尔东先民的生业形态应属定居的农牧结合模式。地理位置同卡尔东较近的故如甲木、曲踏墓地代表人群在大致同一时段则呈现出游牧的生业形态,说明西藏西部地区在公元第一千纪早期即已成为定居经济与游动经济的交错地带,颇值得今后进一步深入观察。

In 2013, during the excavation in Dkar dung site, one thousand three hundred and thirty-one animal remains were collected. The NISP value is 110 and the MNI value is 28, with species identified as Bos grunniens, Capra hircus, Ovis aries. These three taxa are considered to have been the livestock that was raised by the early Dkar dung people. With paleobotanical evidence from the early Dkar dung people may have practiced agropastoralism in and around the site. Zoo-archaeological evidence from the adjacent Gu ru gyam and Chu 'thag cemeteries shows a contemporaneous people who occupied those areas and probably practiced a more specialized pastoralism. We suggest that in western Tibet we encounter an intersection of populations who practiced various economical patterns since at least the first millennium AD. Interactions among these people deserve to be further investigated.