从寂静而来的道说——论海德格尔对老子“道与言”思想的诠释与征用

Saying from Silence: On Heidegger's Interpretation and Expropriation of Lao Tzu's “Tao and Saying”

在德国哲学家马丁·海德格尔的后期哲学实践中,其对如何通过老子思想"唤醒"和"更新"西方哲学倾注了巨大的心血。正是由于中国学者萧师毅的中介作用,海德格尔才能够部分地实现对《道德经》的翻译、诠释与征用。在二者的思想交流中,萧师毅以自身的理解和误读对老子关于"道与言"观点的"输入"成为海德格尔转化传统形而上学的重要事件,表现为海德格尔吸收并更新了"Ereignis"的三重含义,并赋予三者"同一中的差异"的含义。萧师毅这一中介的"影响"范式已然超越了简单的"刺激—反应"模式,因为海德格尔并非是以"汉学路径",而是以"哲学路径"进入中国文化中,其借助老子思想折返与更新古希腊之形而上学,这也是海德格尔对"翻译"的理解与解释。

In his philosophy of later years,Martin Heidegger showed great interest in translating,interpreting and expropriating of Lao-Tzu’s thought in Tao Te Ching with the help of Xiao Shiyi who was a translator and interpreter from China.After this contact with Chinese philosophy,the relationship between'Tao and saying'from Lao-Tzu’s thought become the key point to trigger Heidegger’s thought on the manifestation of'Ereignis'in his late philosophy.After'clarifying'the'original meaning'of'Tao'in Xiao Shiyi’s perspective,Heidegger borrowed the three dimensions of'Tao'and linked them to his own philosophy on the relationship among way(Weg),saying(sagen)and Tao(Ereignis).Heidegger chose to describe the'Trinitarian relationship'of'Tao'and'Ereignis'in a metaphorical way as Lao Tzu did rather than defining them with'verstandeslogik'of the old metaphysics.However,Heidegger did not just copy or translate Lao Tzu’s thought as some scholars suggested in a common sense,rather he defined'translation'as a philosophical way to awaken and renewthe old metaphysics which shows the unique strategy of'philosophical path'in the process of absorbing Chinese thought,therefore,the effect of Xiao Shiyi’s influence has gone beyond the simple'stimulus and response'model.