《红楼梦》开篇神话的叙事修辞研究

Narrative Rhetoric Study on the Legend Prelude of A Dream of Red Mansions

女娲补天神话与"弃石"意象是《红楼梦》叙事修辞的重要表征。本文试图借鉴韦恩·布斯和詹姆斯·费伦为代表的西方后经典叙事修辞理论,从四重叙事人称与双重距离控制视角,分析作者、说书人、石头与第三人称叙述者,以及情感距离与审美距离控制所构成的叙事机制,阐释该作品开篇神话的叙事伦理。文章认为,开篇神话的道德伦理与无才补天的"弃石"书写以及不同流俗的"出世"观具有不可忽视的关系;该作品的开篇叙事不仅是对传统的女娲补天神话叙述思维模式的传承,在某种意义上,更是作者与读者之间关于"弃石"意象的价值伦理和意识形态的别样言说与交流。

The image of'deserted stone',as well as the legend of Nuwa,is a major way of representation of narrative rhetoric in A Dream of Red Mansions.The paper explores,from a sense of narrative as represented by W.C.Booth and J.Phelan,the ethic significance of the prelude to the work,which is narrated by fourfold narrators and dual distance controls.Four narrators are the author,the commentator,the stone as homodiegetic narrator,and the third person as heterodiegetic narrator and the distance controls are that of emotion and that of aestheticism.It is held by the paper that the morality and ethics in the prelude to the work is broadly suggested in both the intellectual tradition of the'deserted stone'and the detached attitude of Buddhism.This pattern of prelude not only remains the traditional narrative of Nuwa legend,but also indicates an implicit communication between the author and the reader in terms of value and ideology conveyed in the image of'deserted stone'.