与他人的关系、禁锢和自由——试论萨特《禁闭》中的存在主义思想和荒诞审美形态

Relation with others, confinement and freedom——Try in terms of existentialism thought and fantastic aesthetic shape of Sartre’ s Confinement

法国存在主义主帅萨特的独幕悲剧《禁闭》以三个死后不改生前本性,在地狱中像旋转木马似的互相追逐、勾心斗角、饱受精神折磨这样一个荒诞性的题材为线索,详细地分析了我们与他人的关系,表现了人生、社会的某种境遇,传达出一种痛彻心脾的人生况味。存在主义哲学认为,"世界是荒谬的,人生是痛苦的"。萨特通过荒诞的场景和荒诞的情节,描写出人生是一种痛苦的存在,是一种荒诞不经的存在,继而概括出"他人就是地狱"的名言。《禁闭》形象而奇特地写出了一批荒诞人物在荒诞处境中的"真实生活",呈现给读者和观众一种突兀离奇、隐晦怪异、含蓄深邃、悖理逆情的荒诞特征。《禁闭》不仅是荒诞戏剧的经典之作,同时也是成功地将萨特的存在主义哲学理念呈现戏剧舞台的典范。

France existentialism commander in chief the Sartre alone curtain tragedy "Confinement" is successfully presents the existentialism philosophy idea the play stage the model. This article through to "Confinement" three hosts incredible colors analysis, elaborated we with other people’ s relations, in the life, the society imprison, the free some kind of circumstances, subsequently transmits "the world is absurd, the life is the pain" incredible esthetic characteristic and existentialism thought.