试论权力的形成理论

On the Theories of Formation of Power

有关权力的形成可分为社会契约论、阶级对立论、人类需求论、道德衍生论等理论。社会契约论主张权力是由平等主体赋予统治者管理社会国家的;阶级对立派认为权力是在阶级对立冲突中统治阶级为镇压被统治阶级而形成的一种暴力工具;人类需求派认为权力是建立在需求者对资源掌握者的依赖关系上;道德衍生派主张圣人治国,权力是道德的必然延伸。不同的权力形成理论支撑着不同的权力运作模式。社会契约论是分权制衡的理论基础,而道德衍生论却会促成极权。

The formation of the relevant power can be divided into these theories:Social Contract,Class Opposition,Human Need and Moral Derivative.Social contract theory claims that power is given to the ruler and management of social state by the principal of equality;Class Opposition claims that power is a kind of tools of violence in class conflict in the ruling class for the crackdown by the ruling class and the formation of;The human Need claims that power is based on the needs of resource dependence on master;The Moral Derivative claims that power is the inevitable extension of morality.Different theory supports power different operation modes.Social contract theory is the theoretical basis of decentralization balance,and the moral theory will contribute to totalitarian.