清前八旗蒙古牛录、五牛录、固山编设考释

The Interpretation of The Eight Banners Mongolia Niru(蒙古牛录),Five Nirus(五牛录) and Guusa(固山) in The Early Qing Dynasty

本文对清代前期八旗蒙古牛录、五牛录、固山的编设进行考释,从学生时,所学及现在所见学者有关论述和一手史料出发,深入研究皇太极时代女真、满洲与蒙古关系中八旗蒙古牛录、五牛录、固山最初编设的时间。对八旗蒙古的提法加以肯定,对蒙古牛录最初出现史籍的时间加以支持;对蒙古五牛录的编设,以前的研究不确定,本文以现所见原始史料得出证据确切的新见;在八旗蒙古固山最初编设的时间问题上,更在原始史料的基础上看出以往学者忽视的记载,从而将以前学界确定的天聪九年二月说,提前为天聪八年十一月。

This essay is about to verify and explain the establishment of the Eight Banners Mongol Niulu, Five Niulu,Gushan during the earlier stage of Qing dynasty. This essay also combines studies during I was a student,first hand historical material and antecedent research has been read,conducts a thorough research on the original establishment time of the Eight Banners Mongol Niulu,Five Niulu and Gushan during Huang taiji period in the relationship between Jurchen,Manchu and Mongol. This essay affirms the formulation of the Eight Banners Mongol and supports the original time which Mongol Niulu appears in historical records. This essay concludes new opinion on Mongol Five Niulu’s establishment which unconfirmed by antecedent research. It is depending on original historical records which can definitely be an evidence;This essay has found out historical records about the original establishment time of the Eight Banners Mongol Gushan which has been ignored during the previous studies. Therefore this essay changes the previous academic determined theory from February Tiancong nine year to November Tiancong eight year.