《学衡》:吴宓文化理想与时代碰撞的文化样本

The Critical Review(Xue Heng) :A Cultural Specimen of Wu Mi's Cultural Ideal versus His Times

吴宓认为出版业具有"熔铸风俗,改进道德,引导社会"的文化责任,可使学者实现"立言"的理想,垂名后世,对于出版业的经济属性从内心深处有一种抗拒或说排斥;同时,他又主张"沟通中西"以"引导社会",希望给"新文化运动"这匹野马套上控制其速度的辔头,免其过于激进,矫枉过正。因此,吴宓意图通过编印《学衡》杂志,传播自己的文化主张。但他在办刊过程中遇到了来自新文化阵营的批评、经济来源、稿源匮乏、出版方不合作、读者群萎缩等一系列问题,最终在与社会潮流的对抗中败下阵来。

Wu Mi argues that publishing is endued with cultural responsibilities of 'casting customs,improving morality,and guiding the society'; it helps scholars to 'expound their views by writing'and achieve their fames. Thus,he derives a natural resistance or even rejection to the economic nature of publishing as an industry. Wu favors 'guiding the society'by 'communicating between the West and the East'and wants to harness China's New Cultural Movement to avoid radicalness or overcorrection. With this purpose,Wu established The Critical Review to spread his cultural opinions. However,Wu encountered a series of obstacles when running the journal,such as criticisms from the New Cultural Movement camp,lack of funding and contribution,ill relationship with his publisher,decrease of subscription,etc. which caused the failure of his fight against the social tendency at that time.