从进口到自制——上海近代石印书籍出版的设备与材料

From Import to Home-made: Equipment and Raw materials in Shanghai's Modern Stone Lithography Industry

与依靠技师技艺的传统雕版印刷不同,上海近代石印书业是凭借众多机械设备、化学药品、引擎动力发展起来的近代工业体系。以往出版印刷史的著作谈及石印工艺时,往往一笔带过,没有展现出石印技术从实验室原理到流水线生产所经历的巨大科技成果转化过程。本文在爬梳近代有关石印技术文献的基础上,复原近代工业化石印生产工艺,并借助海关进口档案,探讨石印生产设备、原材料的进口与自制情况,以期能从另一个角度审视近代印刷出版史。

Different from traditional woodblock printing,Shanghai's modern lithography industry was a modern industrial system which developed by relying on various equipment,a range of chemicals and powerful engines. Previous studies on the history of publishing and printing usually touch on lithography very slightly,and fail to present the great translation process from laboratory experiments to production on the assembly line in the factory. By combing literatures about modern lithographical techniques,this paper restores the stone lithography in industrialized manufacturing in modern times,and discusses import and domestic production of equipment and raw materials for lithography on the basis of the Customs' files about imports,with the hope to provide another perspective to study the modern history of printing and publishing.