棒头草对16种夏熟作物田常用除草剂的敏感性

Sensitivity of Polypogon fugax to 16 Herbicides Frequently Used in Summer-Harvest Crops

棒头草(Polypogon fugax)是我国夏熟作物田常见杂草,在一些地区已成为主要杂草。采用整株生物测定法研究了棒头草对夏熟作物田常用的5种土壤处理和11种茎叶处理除草剂的敏感性。结果表明,5种土壤处理剂对棒头草抑制地上部分生长90%的剂量(ED_(90))分别为:乙草胺(6.58 g a.i./hm^2)、氟乐灵(1 900.16 g a.i./hm^2)、吡氟酰草胺(120.22 g a.i./hm^2)、异丙隆(1 560.82 g a.i./hm^2)、绿麦隆(3 373.13 g a.i./hm^2)。乙草胺对棒头草的ED_(90)值远低于其推荐剂量,吡氟酰草胺对棒头草的ED_(90)值低于推荐剂量上限,然而氟乐灵、绿麦隆和异丙隆对棒头草的ED_(90)均高于推荐剂量上限,尤其是氟乐灵、绿麦隆。11种茎叶处理剂对棒头草的ED_(90)值剂量依次为:烯草酮(11.93 g a.i./hm^2)、甲基二磺隆(4.16 g a.i./hm^2)、啶磺草胺(12.62 g a.i./hm^2)、唑啉草酯(21.49 g a.i./hm^2)、精唑禾草灵(20.15 g a.i./hm^2)、精喹禾灵(6.77 g a.i./hm^2)、高效氟吡甲禾灵(81.82 g a.i./hm^2)、精吡氟禾草灵(32.63 g a.i./hm^2)、氟唑磺隆(176.44 g a.i./hm^2)、炔草酯(20.15 g a.i./hm^2)、烯禾啶(89.99 g a.i./hm^2),其中仅氟唑磺隆、高效氟吡甲禾灵对棒头草ED_(90)高于田间推荐剂量的上限。因此在播后苗前按推荐剂量使用乙草胺和吡氟酰草胺,以及除氟唑磺隆、高效氟吡甲禾灵外的9种茎叶处理剂均能有效防除棒头草,在实际应用中还需考虑对作物的安全性。

Polypogon fugax is a common weed in summer-harvest crop fields in China,even being the principal weed in some areas.A series of whole-plant bioassays were conducted to test the response of P.fugax to five pre-emergence and 11 post-emergence herbicides frequently used in summer-harvest crops.The EC90 doses ( caused 90% inhibition of the fresh weight) of the five pre-emergence herbicides ( active ingredient) to P.fugax were 6.58 g acetochlor/hm2 , 1 900 g trifluralin/hm2 ,120 g diflufenican/hm2 ,1 560 g isoproturon/hm2 and 3 373 g chlorotoluron/hm2 .The EC90 dose of acetochlor to P.fugax was much lower than its recommended low dose and that of diflufenican was lower than its recommended high dose, while those of trifluralin, chlorotoluron and isoproturon were higher than the recommended high doses,especially for trifluralin and chlorotoluron.The EC90 doses of 11 pre-emergence herbicides to P.fugax were clethodim 11 . 9 g/hm2 , mesosulfuron - methyl 4.16 g/hm2 , pyroxsulam 12.6 g/hm2 , pinoxaden 21.5 g/hm2 , haloxyfop -P -methyl 81.8 g/hm2 , fenoxaprop-P-ethyl 20.15 g/hm 2,quizalofop-P-ethyl 6.77 g/hm 2,fluazifop-P-butyl 32.6 g/hm 2,flucarbazone-sodium 176 g /hm2 , clodinafop -propargyl 20.15 g/hm2 , and sethoxydim 90.0 g/hm2 .Among the 11 post-emergence herbicides,only flucarbazone-sodium and haloxyfop-P-methyl had EC90 doses higher than the rec-ommended high dose.Therefore,acetochlor and diflufenican as pre-emergence herbicides and the 11 post-emergence herbicides except for flucarbazone-sodium and haloxyfop-P-methyl could be used to control P.fugax effectively, while paying special attention to the selectivity of the different herbicides to the crop .