中国全面接受ICSID仲裁管辖权的思考

Review on the Full Acceptance of ICSID Jurisdiction in China

中国对ICSID仲裁管辖权的接受,经历了由否定到部分肯定到完全肯定的阶段,完成了由完全拒绝到部分接受再到完全接受的发展过程。而晚近中国对ICSID仲裁管辖权的全面接受过于'超前',与中国在批准公约时对于交付中心仲裁解决的争端类型的保留存在冲突,最惠国待遇条款的适用范围也有被扩大化的风险,使中国投资仲裁案件面临更多的不确定性。在无法改变ICSID体制的情况下,中国可以采取暂不撤回对《1965华盛顿公约》第25条第4款之保留;通过与各个缔约国之间以换文的形式来明确最惠国待遇不适用于程序性事项,包括争端解决;继续在中外双边投资条约中采用四大'安全阀'以及对发达国家和发展中国家作出差别互惠的规定等措施,直接或间接地解决我国全面接受ICSID仲裁管辖权所可能存在的问题。

China has shifted the attitude to the jurisdiction of International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes(hereinafter ICSID)from denying to partially accepting then to totally accepting during last decades.Lately,the procedure of accepting die jurisdiction of ICSID seems a little over-proceeding.There is a conflict between the current situation and the reservation of the Convention in regard to means of dispute submitting to ICSID.The application scale of most-favored-nation treatment might be expanded overly which would result in the uncertainty of investment arbitration in China.To resolve the problems brought by the radical attitude towards the jurisdiction of ICSID directly and indirectly,China could take the following strategies.Initially,China might not wimdrawal the reservation of Article 25(4)of the Convention on the Settlement of Investment Disputes between States and Nations of Other States temporarily.In addition,China could make supplementary agreement with member states and exclude the application of most-favored-nation treatment in procedure issues,including the disputes resolution.Furthermore,China could set up’Four Valves’mechanism and differential reciprocity policy could be applied among developed and developing countries.