小儿腹壁疾病的影像学诊断

Imaging diagnosis of abdominal wall diseases in children

小儿腹壁疾病种类较多,具有与成人腹壁不同的疾病谱,包括外伤性腹壁疝、脐尿管残余畸形、睾丸异位、寄生虫感染、肿瘤等。很多疾病具有儿童独有的特点,应综合运用超声、CT、MRI、膀胱尿路造影等多种影像学手段以达到最佳诊断效果。超声在小儿腹壁疾病的诊断中扮演重要角色,对于多数小儿腹壁疾病,超声具有较高的敏感性和特异性,且具有无电离辐射、无创、简便、实时、可重复操作、费用较低等优势,可作为疑似病变的常规检查手段,甚至成为部分疾病如脐尿管残余畸形诊断的"金标准"。本文对超声等多种影像学手段在小儿腹壁疾病诊断中的应用进行综述。

There are kinds of abdominal wall diseases in children and a different diseases spectrum than in adults,including traumatic abdominal wall hernia,urachal remnant abnormalities,testicular ectopia,parasitic infection,tumor et al.Many diseases possess pediatric features.We should perform a variety of imaging tools,including ultrasound,CT,MRI,voiding cystourethrography in order to achievement of optimal diagnosis.The ultrasound play an important role in the diagnosis of abdominal wall diseases in children.For most abdominal wall diseases in children,ultrasound has been a diagnostic tools with high sensitivity and specificity.As a radiation-free,noninvasive,convenient,real time,repeatable and cheap method,ultrasound now is the routine practice for suspected cases of abdominal wall and the'gold standard'in selected cases such as urachal remnant abnormalities.This paper reviews the application of a variety of imaging tools,including ultrasound in the diagnosis of abdominal wall diseases in children.