浅议国外仲裁机构在中国作出仲裁裁决的认定——对我国仲裁裁决国籍确定标准的思考

On the Determination of Arbitral Awards Made by Foreign Arbitration Institutions in China——Reflections on the Standards for Determining the Nationality of Arbitral Awards in China

随着我国企业和自然人在国际商事交往中的日益活跃,国外仲裁机构来我国仲裁并作出裁决的现象开始出现。对此类裁决国籍的认定,是我国法院承认与执行环节不得不面对的一个'先决问题'。然而,由于我国对仲裁裁决国籍的规定不明确,无论学界还是实务界对此类裁决国籍的争议颇多。本文认为,我国《仲裁法》和《民事诉讼法》的相关规定反映出我国在仲裁裁决的国籍判断上采用的是'仲裁机构所属国标准',因此此类裁决属于外国裁决,应当适用《1958年关于承认和执行外国仲裁裁决的纽约公约》(以下简称《纽约公约》)予以承认和执行,并且我国在加入公约时所作的'互惠保留',并不影响此类裁决作为'非内国'裁决被我国承认与执行。但是,综合考虑我国目前规定的不明确、合理性不足以及通过我国一系列司法实践反映出的我国仲裁理念的转变,我国或可以明确将裁决作出地作为认定仲裁裁决国籍的标准。

As China’s enterprises and natural persons are increasingly active in international comm ercial exchanges,the phenomenon of arbitration by foreign arbitration institutions and arbitration has begun to emerge.The determination of the nationality of such a ruling is a ' first question' that must be faced in the recognition and enforcement of the court in china.However,because our country is not clear about the nationality of the arbitral awards,there is a lot of controversy about the nationality of this kind of ruling,whether in academia or in practice.This paper argues that China’s relevant provisions of the Arbitration Law and the Civil Procedure Law reflects China’s use of the arbitration awards the nationality of judgment is ' arbitration state standard',so these awards belong to foreign awards,shall apply to the New York Convention should be recognized and enforced,and that China has made in join the Convention 'reciprocity reservation',does not affect the verdict as 'non domestic' awards are China’s recognition and en forcem ent.However,considering China’s current regulations are not clear,the lack of a reasonable idea of arbitration in China and China through a series of judicial practice reflects the transformation of our country,or can clear the ruling as cognizance of nation ality of arbitral standard.