刑法上瑕疵同意的处理规则——从阿梅隆的方案论向传统刑法视角回归

The Consent in Absence of True Will in Criminal Law:Amelung’s Theory and the Return to the Traditional Perspective of Criminal Law

刑法上只有建立在真实且自治的意思之上的同意决定才具有阻却违法的效力,如果同意人基于自身的错误认知、对方或第三人欺诈而产生的错误认知或者直接在对方胁迫之下而做出有瑕疵的同意决定,其效力存在争议。本文试图回顾德国学界争论,重点评介德国学者阿梅隆在个体实现自治的基础上提出的瑕疵同意理论。在分析同意制度特殊结构的基础上,回归传统刑法的观察角度,提出对瑕疵同意具体的处理规则。最后通过实例探讨该模型在我国刑法中的适用空间。

Only the consent based on the autonomous decision of the victim can be taken as justification for criminal assault. The validity of a flawed consent under misconception,fraud or coercion is one of the topics disputed about the consent doctrines. The theory from German scholar Knut Amelung,who constructs his solution from the perspective of individual development,is of particular importance in this field. This article analyzes the special structure of consent in criminal law theory and develops a set of detailed rules in dealing with flawed consent on the basis of Amelung’s model. Its feasibility in China will also be discussed.