我国经济犯罪被害人内涵及类型划分——以中德经济刑法规制目的比较为视角

The Typification of Victim in Economic Crime-From the Perspective of the Comparison of the Economic Criminal Law of China and Germany

研究经济犯罪中的被害人问题,首先需要厘清经济犯罪与经济犯罪被害人的内涵与外延。区别于一般生活领域及犯罪学研究中事实层面的被害人,刑法学中的被害人研究必须具有规范性评价基础,即必须是犯罪所侵害的刑法保护的个体法益持有者,在此基础上可以更加明晰经济犯罪被害人所表现出的特殊性。通过比较中德刑法关于经济犯罪的实然性规定,可以发现我国经济刑法在立法技术及规制保护目的方面与德国经济刑法规定存在本质差别。根据我国当前经济刑法的实然性规定,可以将经济犯罪划分为侵犯个人法益为主的犯罪、侵犯社会秩序为主同时可能侵犯个人法益的犯罪及单纯侵犯经济秩序的犯罪,而各类型经济犯罪中的被害人所表现出来的作用也各不相同。

The first important thing to study on victim of economic crime is to clarify the connotation of economic crime and the victim in economic crime. The victim in criminal law is different from life field and criminology for it focus on normative foundation-the holder of interests, which also makes the characteristic of victim in economic crime clearer. By contrast the rule of economic crime in China and Germany,there is an essential distinction of the legislative technology and objective between two countries’ economic crimes. Based on Chinese economic criminal law,the current economic crimes mainly include crimes of infringing personal legal interest which is given priority to protection,protecting human social order mainly and at the same time may infringe legal interests,and the crimes of infringement of pure economic order, and the effects of victims are also different in each types of economic crime.