中国新老农民工城市融入的异质性及其代际差异——基于社会资本、人力资本及制度影响的多维比较

The Heterogeneity of Urban Integration among Migrant Workers in China and Its Intergenerational Differences——A Multi-dimensional Comparison on the Effect of Social Capital,Human Capital and Institution

基于2013年中国综合社会调查的微观数据,从农民工城市融入的经济、社会文化、身份认同三个不同维度,利用OLS和Logit模型回归分析方法对新老两代农民工城市融入中社会资本、人力资本和制度政策因素的作用进行了分析和比较。研究发现,在经济融入维度,'老一代'农民工的社会资本和人力资本作用明显,而制度政策和人力资本因素对于提高'新生代'农民工的收入水平作用明显;在社会文化融入维度,人力资本和社会资本对新老农民工城市融入均产生一定的积极影响;而在身份认同维度,社会资本和人力资本对'老一代'农民工的身份融入产生推动作用,只有人力资本对'新生代'农民工身份融入有积极影响。没有证据表明制度政策影响了农民工的社会文化融入和身份认同。实证结果有助于把握农民工城市融入的发展趋势和不同阶段的特点,对于农民工城市融入的影响因素分析以及如何提高农民工城市融入水平具有重要启示。

Using the micro data from the 2013 China General Social Survey, this paper estimates the influence factors on the urban integration of migrant workers in China from economic, social cultural and identity perspectives. We find that: in economic integration dimension, social capital and human capital play key roles for older generation migrant workers, and institutional policies and human capital help to improve the income of younger generation migrant workers; in social cultural integration dimension, except for institutional policies, social capital and human capital have positive impacts on all migrant workers; in identity integration dimension,again, social capital and human capital accelerate the identity integration of older generation migrant workers, while only human capital does the job for younger generation migrant worker. The empirical results help to analyze the impact of the heterogeneity of migrant workers on urban integration and understand the development trend of migrant workers and the characteristics of different stages.