网络言论自由二元性法律规制的法经济学分析

Law and Economics Analysis of the Legal Duality Regulation of Freedom of Speech on the Internet

从外部性视角剖析网络言论自由法律规制的内在逻辑可知,正外部性的'溢出效应'使网络言论自由行为'发散'出社会收益,但'零边际成本'和'交易自愿性'特征导致激励性的规制制度供给严重缺失。负外部性后果的易见性使网络言论自由的规制路径依然为'负面影响一约束规制'的回应性制度安排,一刀切的严苛规制抑制了网络自由权的行使。针对正外部性的激励制度设计,由于政府和民众之间的目标价值差异导致了解决外部性的传统方法失效,看似设计精妙的产权界定解决路径却难以实现'帕累托最优'的制度效用。激励性的立法表达才是网络言论自由正外部性的解决之道。基于网络空间的交互性和社会性,'网络相邻权'的界定应为其负外部性法律规制的边界和逻辑起点。

An analysis of the logic of legal regulation on freedom of speech on the internet from the perspective of externality, the action generates spontaneously social benefit because of ' spillover effect', but the incentive system is absent due to its features of ' zero marginal cost ' and ' voluntary transaction'. On the other hand, the system design still focuses on the 'negative effect-restraint' owing to the visibility of bad consequence of freedom of speech on the internet,which suppresses to exercise the right of freedom for its rigid uniformity. Incentive system design of concerning positive externality, the seemingly exquisite system of property right is unable to realize the institution utility of 'Pareto efficiency' since the discrepancy in aim value between the government and the citizen makes the traditional method to solve the externality lose effectiveness. The approach to the externality is supposed to establish the incentive system. On account of the interactivity and sociality of the action of cyberspace, ' neighboring right on the Internet' should be the boundary and logic origin of its institutional regulation to protect the right of freedom of speech.