主权与产权视角的《联合国海洋法公约》

Research on The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea from Sovereign Rights and Property Rights

作为一项国际制度,《联合国海洋法公约》是界定权利的,即对各国家或地区海洋权利的界定。主权和产权虽然属于不同层次的概念,但主权权利本质上就是产权。在国际社会中,国家对特定或资源的主权实现或维护首先表现为产权的拥有和行使。《联合国海洋法公约)既界定了海洋主权,也界定了海洋产权。各国家或地区的海洋主权以陆地主权为基础,主要是领海和群岛水域的主权。各国家或地区的海洋产权既包括主权范围的产权,也包括非主权范围的产权,甚至包括其他国家主权范围的产权,如货船的无害通行权就是一种海洋水域的使用权。中国国家海洋权益维护或实现的不只是海洋主权,更重要的是海洋产权的行使与维护。

As an international institution, The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea defines the rights and interests on the sea among the countries. Sovereign rights and property rights of the sea is definite of different levels,but the sovereign rights of the sea are essentially property rights. In the international society, the nation’s reality and maintenance of sovereign rights on some resource are manifested as the possessing and exerting of property rights. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea not only defines the sovereign rights, but also defines the property rights of the sea. The sovereign rights of the sea of the countries are based on the sovereign rights of the land, so are mostly of the territorial waters and archipelagic sea area-The property rights of the sea not only includes the property rights of sovereign domain, but also include the property rights of no-sovereign domain, even include the property rights of sovereign domain of other countries. The right of innocent passage of cargo ship is the use rights of sea waters. The maintenance of Chinese sea rights and interests is not only the sovereign rights of the sea,and more importantly the reality and exertion of the property rights of the sea.