深度贫困地区小学教育脱贫攻坚与教育现代化面临的挑战——以M地区资源配置为例

Challenges in Poverty Alleviation and Education Modernization in Primary School Education in Poverty-stricken Areas——Taking M Region Resource Allocation as an Example

为充分发挥教育阻断贫困代际传递的作用,办好人民满意的教育,必须精准聚焦、系统破解深度贫困地区教育资源供需矛盾,建立教育资源标准体系和办学条件标准动态调整机制。该研究采用总量人口增长方程,综合使用地方教育事业统计年鉴、全国六普数据和实地调研数据,预测M地区2019-2035年城区、镇区和乡村小学学龄人口分布状态,并结合国家与省级小学教育教师、学校用地面积与建筑面积、经费等标准,测算小学教育脱贫攻坚与教育现代化的资源需求差额。结果显示,其在小学专任教师、学校用地面积与建筑面积上缺口较大,同时存在教育经费对中央、省级财政依赖极重,教育信息化基础设施薄弱等问题。调研发现,该地区高生育率下学龄人口占总人口比重过高,是当地教育呈现需求较大与资源供给不足的矛盾的重要原因。此外,部分学龄人口延迟入学还诱发了高辍学率的问题。基于此,建议全面推进依法治教,落实控辍保学'六长责任制';探索教师编制单列管理制度,坚持本地化和全科化师资培养;有序推进义务教育学校标准化建设,注重信息化基础设施建设;国家和省级财政兜底保障教育经费。

In order to give full play to the role of education in blocking the transmission of poverty from generation to generation,and to provide education to the satisfaction of the people,we must focus on and systematically resolve the contradiction between the supply and demand of educational resources in poverty-stricken areas,and establish a system of standards for educational resources and a dynamic mechanism for adjusting standards for running schools.Based on the total population growth equation,the statistical yearbook of local education,the national general statistics data and the field survey data,this study predicted the distribution state of the primary school-age population in urban areas,townships and villages in M region in 2019-2035.By combining the national and provincial standards of primary school teachers,school land area,building area and funding,the gap between poverty alleviation and education modernization in primary education is estimated.The results show that there is a big gap between the supply and demand of primary school teachers,the school land area and the building area,and there are some problems such as the heavy dependence of education funds on the central and provincial finance,and the weak infrastructure of education informatization.The survey found that the high fertility rate in this region leads to the high proportion of school-age population in the total population,which is an important reason for the contradiction between large demand for education and insufficient supply of resources.In addition,delays in some school-age populations have contributed to high dropout rates.Based on this,it is suggested to promote education administration in accordance with the law,and implement the'six long responsibility system'for controlling dropouts and ensuring schooling.We should explore a separate management system for teacher staffing and adhere to the localization and training of teachers in all disciplines.We should promote the standardization of compulsory education schools in an orderly manner and pay attention to the construction of information infrastructure.The state and provincial governments should guarantee educational funds.