穆罕默德·阿里对埃及部落社会的治理及影响

The Mohammed Ali’s Governance on Egyptian Tribal Society and Its Influence

埃及部落是复杂的政治社会组织形式。部落成员之间的关系并非基于原始社会的平等,而是具有明显的等级制色彩。穆罕默德·阿里从三个方面治理埃及部落社会:一是规范方面,即与部落建立共同的认同情感;二是功利方面,即通过控制领地资源来监管和约束部落;三是强制方面,即通过惩罚措施来控制部落。他采取的积极有效的部落政策,微观层面起到了有效推动其改革政策的顺利实施,宏观层面对埃及社会的发展和国家的建构起到了重要作用。

The Egyptian tribe is a complex form of political and social organization. The Relationship among the members of the tribe is not based on equality in primitive society,but on hierarchy. Mohammed Ali governed Egyptian tribal society in three aspects. The first is normative aspect that is to establish a sense of identity;the second is utilitarian aspect that is to control tribes by controlling territorial resources;the third is coercive aspect that is to rule tribes through punishment measures. He adopted positive and effective tribal policy which effectively promoted the implementation of the reform policies in micro level,and played an important role in the development of Egyptian society and the construction of the nation-state in macro level.