公共自行车系统服务点布设的有限元估算方法

Finite-element estimation model for service station planning layout of public bicycle system

针对城市公共自行车系统(PBS)依靠人工经验规划服务点布设导致的"租还车难"问题,根据PBS的运行特性,借鉴有限元原理,研究PBS不同空间位置区域的供需不平衡度有限元估算模型,建立PBS服务点布设的有限元估算方法.以杭州市部分区域为例,应用有限元分析软件ANSYS对估算方法进行验证.结果显示:在研究区域内未建服务点4146时,公共自行车供需不平衡度最大的位置位于120.151 275°E^120.152 55°E和30.302 04°N^30.303 774°N;建立服务点4146后,该位置的供需不平衡度明显缓解,单元供需不平衡度最大的位置与服务点4146实际位置相比,经、纬度误差分别为0.044 5%、0.047 3%.分析结果表明,该估算方法能够有效分析PBS的单元供需不平衡度,从而有助于服务点的科学布设.

The present planning method of service-stationslayout for public bicycle system(PBS)depends on human experience,which usually leads to the issue of bike-renting or bike-returning difficulty.According to the PBS running history characteristics and referring to the finite element theory,the imbalance degree between bicycle supply and demand in different spatial areas was estimated,and a finite element estimation model of the PBS supply and demand was established.An empirical study was conducted by software ANSYS to verify the estimation method in some district of urban Hangzhou.Results show that,before the service-station No.4146 was built,the location which had the maximum supply and demand imbalance degree was at the regions from 120.151 275°E to 120.152 55°E and from30.302 04°N to 30.303 774°N.After the service-station No.4146 was built,supply and demand imbalance degree at the location was significantly alleviated;compare the location where the supply and demand imbalance degree was the maximum and the actual location of the service-station No.4146,and the errors were about 0.044 5% at longitude and 0.047 3% at latitude.Results indicate that the proposed finite-element method can effectively analyze the imbalance degree between bicycle supply and demand,and contribute to the reasonable layout of service-stations for PBS.