“大跃进”时期的河南农村公共食堂

The Common Dining Hall in Rural Henan During the "Great Leap Forward

农村公共食堂是“大跃进”时期人民公社化的产物。公共食堂严重脱离20世纪50年代末中国社会生产力水平,因而不是经济发展的结果,而是靠政治压力强迫农民建立起来的。河南省是全国人民公社化运动的发源地,农村公共食堂的数量和比例均居全国首位。河南农村公共食堂出现了种种问题,它的解散是必然的,但却经历了一个曲折的过程,付出了血的代价。农村公共食堂问题上血的历史教训,是值得深思和记取的。

The rural common dining hall, the product of the Peoples Commune during the 'Great Leap Forward' , deviated greatly from the production levels in the late 1950s. It was not the product of economic growth but was forced upon the peasant due to political pressure. Henan initiated the Peopled Commune, and in number and proportion its common dining halls ranked number one in the country. The problems that flooded the Henan dining halls would inevitably lead to the dining halls' dissolution, but this dissolution was tortuous and was paid with the price of blood. An important lesson should be learned from this experience.