语用学的效率原则与专业交际学的语用策略

Efficiency Principle of Pragmatics and Pragmatic Strategies in Technical Communication

近40年来,语用学在理论研究方面取得了丰硕成果,但有关教学和实证研究的成果较少。本文以语用学的合作原则为基础,尝试提出效率原则,并通过专业交际学(TC)的语用策略对其加以解释。从专业交际的易理解性和易使用性准则出发,TC要求专业写作要删除多余词语和避免名词化结构,这符合合作原则的信息量准则;TC要求作者要进行读者对象分析,以达到认知关联的最大化,这符合关联准则;TC要求要慎用抽象词语和被动语态,合理组织句子结构,控制句子和段落长度,并按照线性顺序组织语篇,这符合方式准则。所有这些是TC为提高专业交际的效率而采取的语用策略。这些语用策略为语用学的效率原则提供了有力的支持,也为把语用学的原则和准则应用于专业交际教学与研究提供了实用的范例。

Based on the Cooperative Principle of pragmatics,this thesis attempts to propose the efficiency principle and argue for it with pragmatic strategies in technical communication(TC).Starting from the criteria of comprehensibility and usability,TC requires that extra words be deleted and nominalization be avoided,which conforms with The Maxim of Quantity;TC demands audience analysis for the maximum cognitive relevance,which conforms with the Maxim of Relation;TC requires that the author use abstractions and the passives voice with care,construct sentence structures reasonably,control the length of sentences and paragraphs and organize the discourse in the linear order,which meets the requirements of The Maxim of Manner.All these are the pragmatic strategies used for efficiency in technical communication.These strategies effectively support the efficiency principle of pragmatics,and provide practical examples for the application of pragmatic maxims to the teaching and research of technical communication.