中国古代宗教治理的法律解读

Legal Interpretation of the Governance of Religions in Ancient China

自孔子以来的儒学体系,奠定了中华文明重视道德伦理的文化特征,因此,在中国古代国家治理中"礼乐刑政"并用。汉末以降佛教东传,道教兴起,宗教对中国古代文化产生重大影响,尤其作为外来的佛教在经典翻译、信仰体系传播过程中不断调整自身并和王权博弈以适应中国"礼乐刑政"共治的大传统。佛教通过对儒家经学的影响,进而影响到传统法治的法律思维与法律思想。隋唐之际中国宗教形成独特的宗教"道统",国家针对宗教"道统",形成道德疏导与相对自治的法律管理模式。宋元以来,传统宗教在传播过程中,部分思潮与区域化的宗法体系相结合,形成隐蔽独立的社团组织,给中国传统社会治理也带来一定困难,社会不稳定时,尤为显现。

Since the establishment,Confucianism has always valued the importance of morality. Accordingly,ancient China employed the Ritual,Law and Administration in governance. At the end of the Han Dynasty,with the spread of Buddhism and popularization of Taoism,religions exert significant influence over Chinese ancient culture. Buddhism,as a foreign religion,had constantly adjusted itself to the traditional governance in translating canons,and communicating teachings. By influencing the Confucius Classics Studies,the Buddhism further influenced the traditional legal thoughts. The Chinese religion has thus formed individual Orthodoxy during the Sui and Tang Dynasty. The government would govern the Orthodoxy with moral orders and comparatively autonomous legal administration. Since the Song and Yuan Dynasty,during the spread of traditional religions. Some religious thoughts,combined with local patriarchal system,formed some independent associations,which caused troubles for social governance. It became much more visible especially during social upheavals.