“涉黑犯罪”重要争议问题研讨

Research on the Important and Controversial Issues of the Gangland-related Crimes

"黑社会性质的组织"和"黑社会组织"是法定概念,而我国有关司法解释性文本规定的"恶势力"、"恶势力犯罪集团"与"黑恶势力"属于政策性概念,因此刑法解释论上需要适当关注法定概念与政策性概念之间的关联关系和政策性功能。"黑社会性质的组织"是我国有组织犯罪中最具备"黑社会(组织)"性质的较完备形态的犯罪组织,最接近于国外的黑社会(组织),可以说它既是黑社会又不是典型的黑社会,因此刑法解释论上需要对黑社会性质组织的四个特征之间的关系论予以明确,对三个核心特征进行严格解释,而对其附随性特征可以进行适当宽松解释。对涉黑犯罪的具体定罪量刑,要特别注意对"涉黑犯罪"的组织者、领导者、参加者以及包庇、纵容者的主观"明知"与责任限定进行刑法教义学审查,确保"涉黑犯罪"个案司法审判的合法性与公正性。

'Criminal-syndicate natured organization'and'underworld organization'are legal concepts,but according to the relevant judicial interpretation regulations in China,'evil forces','criminal gang of evil forces'and'mafia-like gangs'are political concepts,so the theory of criminal law interpretation needs proper attention on the interrelationship between legal concept and policy concept,and on the policy function.'Criminal-syndicate-natured organization'is a criminal organization which has the most complete form of the nature of'gangland organization'among Chinese organized crimes,and is closest to the'gangland organization'abroad.It’s exactly gangland(it has three core characteristics of underworld organization:'stable and mature organization','multiple illegal activities'and'illegal social control'),but not typical gangland(it doesn’t have all the other accompanying characteristics of underworld organization).Therefore,from criminal law interpretation’s perspective,the interpretation of the three core characteristics must be strict,while the interpretation of the accompanying characteristics(such as economic characteristic)could be appropriately loose.As to the specific conviction and sentencing of the gangland-related crimes,we should pay particular attention to review the doctrine of criminal law about'knowledge'and liability limit of the people organizing,leading,participating in as well as harboring,conniving the gangland-related crimes,so that we can ensure the judicial judgment’s legality and fairness of individual cases.