外国破产程序的承认与协助:解释与立法

Recognition of and Assistance in Foreign Insolvency Proceedings in China:Interpretation and Legislation

外国破产程序的承认与协助是跨境破产实践最敏感、最困难的问题,理应成为我国解释和立法的重点。《示范法》是优秀的模范,同时,其借鉴意义不是绝对的。一些国家在以《示范法》为范本制定国内法时,探索出不少与《示范法》的原则性规定不同的制度,其中包含互惠要件、自动救济模式与分离模式之间的选择、多个破产程序的平行和协调等涉及承认与协助外国破产程序的核心架构问题。深入考察这些问题,并作出借鉴或扬弃的决断,对完善我国司法和立法具有重要意义。此外,外国重整计划的承认与执行等《示范法》当时未能涵盖的问题,也需要我们作出积极对应。在推进跨境破产的国际合作与满足国内司法制度的现实利益之间作出精妙的平衡,是我国司法和立法的目标。

The problem of the recognition of and assistance in foreign insolvency proceedings is the most sensitive and difficult issue in cross-border insolvency practice.It should therefore be the focus of interpretation and legislation in China.Although the UNCITRAL Model Law on cross-border Insolvency is an excellent model for countries to adopt,it should not be followed blindly.Some countries which adopted the Model Law have modified important aspects of the Model Law in respect of recognition and assistance for foreign insolvency proceedings.They included the reciprocity principle as a condition for recognition,automatic relief where the foreign proceeding is the main proceeding,and the coordination of parallel insolvency proceedings.In developing China’s judicial practice and legislation,it is important to analyze these different approaches and decide which one to adopt or not to adopt.In addition,it is also necessary to deal with other issues,such as the recognition and enforcement of foreign reorganization plans that are not covered by the Model Law.The key task for China is to strike a balance between promoting international cooperation in cross-border insolvency and satisfying the legitimate interests of the domestic judicial system.