人工智能法律行为论

The Juridical Act Theory on Artificial Intelligence

人工智能的法律性质受到了法学界的关注和研究,探讨人工智能法律地位,就是厘定人类与人工智能之间的关系。人类与人工智能之间的关系的厘定是以人类保证自身生存秩序和发展为终极目标。从法律价值层面,人工智能的法律性质应首先从实践中观察和研究人工智能对现有的法律关系有什么影响,并从影响中以保证人类的生存秩序和发展为终极目标,以防范人工智能在应用中对人类社会所产生的风险为核心,以服务于人类的幸福和发展为目的总结和抽象出人工智能的法律性质;从法的结构层面,法是调整社会关系的规范,法的基本结构是主体、客体和行为。人工智能在法的基本结构中是主体、客体或是行为决定其法律的性质。学术界对人工智能的法律性质有主体说和工具说。笔者的观点,人工智能是研发者、制造者和使用者的法律行为。

The legal nature of artificial intelligence(AI)attracts the attention of legal scholars.To study on the legal status of AI is to clarify the relationship between human and AI,the cardinal aim of which is to ensure human’s living principles and development.From the perspective of legal value,how AI influences legal relationship in practice should be studied first,and then the legal nature of AI should be theorized,aiming at human’s living principles and development,focusing on preventing the risks of application of AI and pursuing human’s happiness and progress;from the perspective of legal structure,as a kind of rules,law consists of subjects,objects and acts.The legal nature of AI depends on what it is in legal structure,a subject,an object or an act.There are two main theories,the Subject Theory and the Instrumentality Theory.The author’s opinion is that AI is a juridical act of designers,makers and users.