我国食品安全风险评估的改革重点与法制建议

Reform Focus and Legal Advice on Risk Assessment of Food Safety in China

食品风险评估是以科学研究为基础,运用科学技术手段对食品及其相关产品造成人体健康危害的可能性予以评价,得出其安全与否的判断。作为一项科学理性的制度,食品安全风险评估是食品安全风险监管实施和国家食品安全标准制定的科学依据,可以有效预防食品安全事故的发生,保障公众的生命健康,增强公众对于国家食品质量的自信心。我国食品安全风险评估应当把握组织机构、程序规范、科学顾问、公众参与等改革重点,推进风险评估的法制化建设;加强风险评估机构的独立性保障,明确风险评估机构内外职责;健全风险评估的启动程序,不断细化风险评估的操作程序;完善风险评估的科学顾问制度,完善任免规则、改进行为规范、建立同行专家外部评审、加强责任追究;通过规范评估信息发布、强化风险交流、建立激励机制,鼓励公众参与风险评估工作。

Food risk assessment is based on scientific research, using scientific and technological means to evaluate the possibility of human health hazards caused by food and related products, and draw the conclusion of food safety. As a scientific and rational system, food safety risk assessment is the scientific basis for the implementation of food safety risk supervision and the establishment of national food safety standards. It can effectively prevent the occurrence of food safety accidents, protect the life and health of the public and increase public confidence in the quality of the country’s food. China’s food safety risk assessment should grasp the reform focus of organizational structure, procedure norms,scientific consultants and public participation, and promote the legalization of risk assessment. China should strengthen the independence of risk assessment institutions and clarify the internal and external responsibilities of risk assessment institutions. China should improve the starting procedure of risk assessment and refine the operation procedure of risk assessment. China should improve the scientific advisor system of risk assessment, improve the rules of appointment and removal, improve the code of conduct, establish peer review and enhance accountability. In China, the public should be encouraged to participate in risk assessment by standardizing information dissemination, strengthening risk exchange and establishing incentive mechanism.