基于犯罪现场勘查学视野下的犯罪现场环境论

On the Environment of Crime Scenes Based on the Science of Investigation of Crime Scenes

犯罪现场环境是相对于狭义犯罪现场的外部条件,不仅是一个延展空间,更是内外在要素与联系的拓展。犯罪现场环境是犯罪嫌疑人犯罪及社会活动的基础。狭义的犯罪现场环境是指发生犯罪行为的场所以外的地理空间环境。广义的犯罪现场环境是指与犯罪行为有关的人、事、物、时、空、信息在具体犯罪行为以外的客观存在。研究犯罪现场环境可以从地理空间环境、时间环境、心理环境、物质环境、数据空间环境等维度来系统构建。犯罪现场环境与犯罪嫌疑人犯罪行为的关系不是直接的因果关系,是一种相关性的'跨界'关系。研究犯罪现场环境可以从犯罪嫌疑人的活动轨迹及外部条件来分析侦查方向和范围,不仅对于个案发现侦查线索和破案证据具有指引意义,有助于犯罪现场分析与重建,也能够从类案或整体上映射犯罪自然和社会条件。

The environment of crime scenes is the condition outside the scenes.It is the extension not only of space but also of inner and outer elements and relations.It is the foundation of the suspects’crimes and social activities.In the narrow sense,the environment of crime scenes refers to the geographic space outside the scenes of crimes.In the generalized sense,it refers to the existence of the people,events,materials,time,space and information which are related to crimes.The study of such an environment can be formed including that of the geographic space,time,psychology,material and data base.The relations between the environment of a crime scene and the behavior of the suspect are not that of cause-effect but that of some'trans-boundary'.The study of the crime scene environment can analyze the direction and scope of the investigation from the criminal suspect’s track of the activity and the external conditions,which not only has the guiding significance to the case finding and the evidence of the case,but also helps to analyze and reconstruct the crime scene.It is also possible to map the natural and social conditions of crime from a class or a whole.