屏幕时间与亲子关系、学龄儿童社会能力及行为问题的关系研究

Study on the correlations between screen time and parent-child relationship,social ability and behavioral problems of school children

目的探讨学龄儿童屏幕时间与亲子关系、社会能力及行为问题的关系,为合理使用屏幕媒体设备提供理论依据。方法采用自编的调查问卷、亲子关系量表(PCRT)、Achenbach儿童行为量表(CBCL),随机调查达州市868例小学生,经单因素和多元回归分析儿童屏幕时间与亲子关系、社会能力及行为问题的关系。结果被调查儿童年龄(9.27±1.64)岁,男414例,女454例。上学日屏幕时间平均2.4 h/d,节假日6.2 h/d。单因素分析显示:儿童年龄越大、男孩、父母陪伴时间越短、父亲为专业技术人员或管理人员、家中媒体设备种类越多、儿童拥有手机、开始接触屏幕年龄越小屏幕时间越长(P<0.05);在亲子关系中,屏幕时间与消极拒绝、积极拒绝、干涉有关(P<0.05);屏幕时间越长社会能力得分越低,社交退缩、攻击性、交往不良、强迫性、抑郁、不成熟、体诉得分越高(P<0.05)。多元回归分析显示,屏幕时间与社会能力(P<0.05),与社交退缩、交往不良、攻击性、强迫性、不成熟呈正相关性(P<0.05);与父母陪孩子时间、开始接触屏幕年龄呈负相关性(P<0.05),与年龄和家中媒体设备种类呈正相关性(P<0.05)。结论学龄儿童屏幕时间对亲子关系和社会能力及行为问题有影响,应为儿童建立屏幕时间规则。

Objective To explore the correlations between screen time and parent-child relationship,social ability,and behavioral problems of school children,provide a theoretical basis for rational use of screen media equipment.Methods A self-made questionnaire,PCRT,and CBCL were used to randomly survey 868 elementary school students in Dazhou,univariate and miltivariate regression analyses were used to analyze the relationships between screen time and parent-child relationship,social ability,and behavioral problems of school children.Results The school children were(9.27±1.64) years old,including 414 boys and 454 girls.The average daily screen time during weekdays and holidays were 2.4 hours and 6.2 hours.Univariate analysis showed that screen time was long in older children,boys,the children with short accompanying time spent by the parents,whose father’s job was professional technician or manager,the children with more types of media devices in the home,the children having a mobile phone,and young children(P< 0.05).In parent-child relationship,screen time was correlated with negative refusal,positive refusal,and interference(P<0.05).The longer screen time was,the lower social competence score was,the higher the scores of social withdrawal,aggressiveness,bad communication,compulsivity,depression,immaturity,and physical complaints were(P<0.05).Multivariate regression analysis showed that screen time was negatively correlated with social ability(P<0.05) and positively correlated with social withdrawal,bad communication,aggressiveness,compulsivity,and immaturity(P<0.05);screen time was negatively correlated with accompanying time spent by the parents and the age the children start to touch the screen(P<0.05) and positively correlated with age and types of media device(P < 0.05).Conclusion Screen time has impact on parent-child relationship,social ability,and behavioral problems of school children,screen time rules should be established for children.