喂养方式对婴儿大便性状及大便成分的影响

Effects of feeding patterns on stool characteristics and stool composition of infants

目的了解健康婴儿正常的排便模式,探讨不同喂养模式下(母乳喂养、人工喂养及混合喂养)婴儿大便性状及大便残留营养成分的差异。方法共纳入177例2周龄健康足月儿(其中母乳喂养组37例、人工喂养组72例及混合喂养组68例),记录婴儿身长、体质量、头围、喂养情况及大便情况,并对99份婴儿粪便样本进行残余氮、总脂及微量元素测定。结果不同喂养方式的婴儿生长发育指标包括体质量、身长及头围均无统计学差异;母乳喂养组婴儿的大便次数明显高于人工喂养组和混合喂养组,差异均有统计学意义(5. 3次/d vs. 2. 7次/d; 5. 3次/d vs. 3. 3次/d,均P<0. 05),其他大便性状指标如大便量分、颜色评分及软度指数各组间差异均无统计学意义(均P>0. 05);粪便中的成分,包括残余氮、总脂的含量各组间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0. 05),但是人工喂养组婴儿粪便中残留的钙、镁、锰及铁等元素,显著高于母乳组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0. 01)。结论不同喂养方式影响婴儿大便次数及大便中微量元素的含量。相对于人工喂养和混合喂养方式,母乳喂养的婴儿粪便次数较多,且粪便中残留营养成分较少。

Objective To understand normal defecation mode of healthy infants,explore the differences of stool characteristics and stool residual nutrients under different feeding patterns( breastfeeding,artificial feeding,and mixed feeding). Methods A total of 177 healthy term infants of two weeks were included in this study,including 37 infants in breastfeeding group,72 infants in artificial feeding group,and 68 infants in mixed feeding group. Height,weight,head circumference,feeding situation,and stool situation were recorded.Residual nitrogen,total lipids,and microelement were detected in 99 stool specimens. Results There was no statistically significant difference in growth and development indexes( weight,height,and head circumference) among the three groups. The defecation frequency in breastfeeding group was statistically significantly higher than those in artificial feeding group and mixed feeding group( 5. 3 times per day vs.2. 7 times per day;5. 3 times per day vs. 3. 3 times per day,P<0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in stool characteristics( amount,color grading,and softness) among the three groups( P> 0. 05). There was no statistically significant difference in stool content( residual nitrogen,total lipids) among the three groups( P > 0. 05). The contents of stool calcium,magnesium,manganese,and iron in artificial feeding group were statistically significantly higher than those in breastfeeding group( P<0. 01). Conclusion Different feeding patterns affect defecation frequency and contents of stool trace elements. Compared with artificial feeding and mixed feeding,defecation frequency of breastfeeding infants is high,and stool residual nutrient content is low.