兰州地区0～3岁婴幼儿骨密度水平与膳食影响因素相关分析

Analysis on bone mineral density of 0-3-year-old infants and dietary factors

目的调查兰州地区0~3岁婴幼儿骨密度水平以及膳食影响因素,旨在为预防低骨密度的发生提供依据。方法选取2016年1-8月在甘肃省妇幼保健院儿童保健科行健康检查的0~3岁婴幼儿1 719例,均采用《婴幼儿骨密度调查表》进行横断面调查并行骨密度检测。分析影响婴幼儿骨密度的膳食等因素,采用多因素条件Logistic回归分析骨密度的相关影响因素。结果 1 719例受检婴幼儿中骨密度异常率为15. 01%。婴幼儿骨密度异常与年龄、喂养方式具有一定的相关性(P<0. 05),且随着年龄的增长骨密度异常率逐渐降低;混合喂养、人工喂养、纯母乳喂养婴幼儿骨密度异常率逐渐降低。蔬菜水果、奶制品、豆制品、Vit D、钙剂经常性摄入的幼儿骨密度值均分别高于以上食品摄入少的婴幼儿,差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05)。孕期规律补充Vit D、经常摄入Vit D、及时添加动物性辅食、充足的睡眠(>13 h/d)是增加婴幼儿骨密度的积极因素。结论兰州地区0~3岁婴幼儿骨密度不足发生率较高,以年龄<6个月、混合喂养者发生率最高。蔬菜水果、奶制品、豆制品、Vit D、钙剂摄入等膳食因素以及睡眠不足、户外活动时间均可影响婴幼儿骨密度值,可针对性予以干预以减少骨密度不足的发生。

Objective To investigate bone mineral density(BMD)of 0-3-year-old infants and dietary factors,provide an evidence for prevention of low BMD.Methods From January to August in 2016,1 719 infants aged 0-3 years old underwent healthy examination in Department of Child Health Care,Gansu Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital,than a cross-sectional survey was conducted,BMD test was performed,the dietary factors of BMD were analyzed.Multivariate conditional Logistic regression was used to analyze the related factors of BMD.Results Among 1 719 infants,the abnormal rate of BMD was 15.01%.Abnormal BMD was correlated with age and feeding modes(P<0.05),the abnormal rate of BMD decreased gradually with age.The abnormal rates of BMD in infants fed by mixed feeding,artificial feeding,and exclusive breastfeeding decreased significantly.BMD values of infants with high consumption of fruits and vegetables,dairy products,bean products,vitamin D,and calcium were statistically significantly lower than those of infants with low consumption of fruits and vegetables,dairy products,bean products,vitamin D,and calcium(P<0.05).Regular intake of vitamin D,frequent intake of vitamin D,timely intake of animal food,and adequate sleep(>13 hours per day)were active factors of increasing infantile BMD.Conclusion The incidence rate of BMD deficiency among 0-3-year-old infants in Lanzhou is high,which is the highest among the infants more than 6 months and fed by mixed feeding.Fruits and vegetables,dairy products,bean products,vitamin D,and calcium intakes,inadequate sleep,and outdoor activities may affect BMD of infants,corresponding intervention should be taken to reduce the occurrence of BMD deficiency.