三城市社区管理的6～12月龄婴儿贫血发病率及供给侧危险因素分析

Analysis on anemia prevalence and risk factors of health service side among infants aged 6-12 months in 3 cities

目的了解城市地区社区管理的6~12月龄婴儿贫血患病率,并从供给侧角度探讨贫血危险因素,为更好地制定贫血干预措施提供依据。方法采用横断面研究方式收集3个城市6家社区卫生服务中心进行常规健康管理的婴儿相关数据,归纳整理后运用单因素及Logistic回归从多个层面探讨贫血的危险因素。结果 1 411名婴儿贫血患病率为17. 4%,北京最低为10. 1%,合肥最高为22. 7%,头包为21. 4%。Logistic回归分析显示,婴儿分娩方式为顺产(OR=0. 658,95%CI:0. 485~0. 892)、母亲贫血知识知晓率高(OR=0. 610,95%CI:0. 436~0. 864)以及机构有贫血治疗药物(OR=0. 440,95%CI:0. 304~0. 638)是婴儿贫血的保护因素,而母亲孕期患有贫血(OR=1. 711,95%CI:1. 247~2. 348)以及社区医务人员平均每人管理儿童数多(OR=2. 636,95%CI:1. 822~3. 815)是婴儿贫血的危险因素。结论城市地区6~12月龄婴儿贫血患病率较高,应从医疗机构供给侧角度配备贫血治疗药物以及增加医务人员,并加大婴儿喂养知识行为宣传力度,以降低婴儿贫血率。

Objective To understand the prevalence of anemia among infants aged 6-12 months in 3 cities,explore the risk factors of health service side,provide a basis for better making intervention measures for anemia.Methods A cross-sectional method was used to collect the information of infants receiving routine health management in 6 community healthcare centers of 3 cities,the risk factors of anemia were analyzed by univariate analysis and Logistic regression analysis after induction and reorganization.Results The total prevalence rate of anemia was 17.4%,which were the lowest in Beijing(10.1%)and the highest in Hefei(22.7%),the prevalence rate of anemia in Toubao was 21.4%.Logistic regression analysis showed that normal childbirth(OR=0.658,95%CI:0.485-0.892),high awareness rate of maternal anemia knowledge(OR=0.610,95%CI:0.436-0.864),and having drugs for anemia therapy in medical institutes(OR=0.440,95%CI:0.304-0.638)were protective factors of anemia in infants;maternal anemia during pregnancy(OR=1.711,95%CI:1.247-2.348)and high number of infants managed by per community medical worker(OR=2.636,95%CI:1.822-3.815)were risk factors of anemia in infants.Conclusion The prevalence rate of anemia among infants aged 6-12 months is high in urban area.The drugs for anemia therapy should be prepared,and the medical staff should be increased from health service side in medical institutes,publicity of infantile feeding knowledge should be enhanced to reduce the incidence rate of anemia in infants.