放牧方式对暖温型草原区短花针茅群落特征及α多样性的影响

Effects of Grazing Methods on Community Characteristics and Alpha Diversity of Stipa breviflora in Warm-Temperate Steppe

为研究暖温性草原区植物群落特征和草地生产力对不同放牧模式的响应,探讨草地生产力和多样性指数的关系,选择内蒙古和林格尔县暖温性草原区短花针茅群落作为样地,采用划区轮牧、自由放牧Ⅰ(载畜率3.48只羊/hm^2)、自由放牧Ⅱ(载畜率4.00只羊/hm^2)和围栏禁牧4种放牧方式,2017年连续6个月进行草地健康监测。结果显示:不同放牧方式对草地群落特征及α多样性均存在显著影响(P<0.05),围栏禁牧表现最好;划区轮牧的草地群落特征及α多样性显著高于其他两种放牧方式;8月围栏禁牧下的草地生产力虽高于其他放牧方式,但10月份4种放牧制度下草地生产力差异较8月份小。综上,和林格尔县暖温型草地可以支持放牧行为,划区轮牧可保证草地可持续发展。

In order to understand the characteristics of plant community and the response of grassland productivity to different grazing patterns in warm-temperate steppe area,and to discuss the relationship between grassland productivity and diversity index,Stipa breviflora community in warm-temperate steppe of Horinger county,Inner Mongolia was selected as the test plot,and the grassland health monitoring was carried out for six consecutive months in 2017 by using four grazing methodss:rotational grazing,free grazingⅠ(Carrying rate 3.48 sheep/hm^2),free grazingⅡ(Carrying rate 4.00 sheep/hm^2)and fence grazing.The results showed that:(1)Different grazing methods had significant effects on grassland community characteristics and alpha diversity(P<0.05),the fence grazing was the best.The grassland community characteristics and alpha diversity of the rotational grazing area were significantly higher than those of the other two grazing methods;(2)Although the grassland productivity under the fence grazing method was higher than that of other grazing methods in August 2017,there was decreasing difference in the grassland productivity among the four grazing systems in October.In summary,the temperate typical grassland represented by Horinger county can support grazing behavior,and the rotation of grazing can ensure the sustainable development of grassland.