青藏高原牧户经营草地面积与其草畜平衡关系分析

Analysis on the Relationship between Grassland Area and Forage-livestock Balance in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

为探究青藏高原地区牧户草地面积与其草畜平衡情况的相关性,依据草地承包面积大小对四川、西藏、和青海3省区7个县的139户牧户进行了分组,并对五组牧户的草地面积与载畜情况的相关关系进行了分析。结果表明,该地区以草地面积小于73.4hm^2的Ⅰ型和介于73.5~144.9hm^2的Ⅱ型的小型牧户为主,分别占总牧户数量的36.7%和41.7%,同时这两类牧户也是超载现象发生的主要群体,Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型超载率分别为67%和65%。回归分析表明,牧户及人均草地面积大小与其超载率存在显著相关关系(P<0.05),当户均草地面积少于218hm^2或人均草地面积少于30hm^2时,户均实际家畜存栏量高于核定载畜量,超载率为正值,并随户均草地面积的增加而降低,该类牧户占总牧户数量的94.9%。户均占有草地面积高于218hm^2或人均占有草地面积高于30hm^2时,不存在超载现象。该类牧户占总牧户数量的5.1%。因此,该地区的超载现象主要发生在数量较大的小规模牧户,禁牧减畜工作的落实应以该类小规模牧户为重点。研究结果为各地区尽快实现预期草畜平衡目标具有重要实践和指导意义。

In order to explore the relationship between different households’grassland area and its forage-livestock balance of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,139 herdsman in Tibet autonomous region,Sichuan,and Qinghai province were surveyed and grouped into 5 household groups according to its grassland area.And,the relationships between the household groups and its livestock stocking were analyzed in this paper.The results showed that the small-scale herdsmen of type I(grassland area less than 73.4 hm^2)and type II(grassland area between 73.5 and 144.9 hm)were the main types in this area,which accounted for 36.7%and 41.7%of the total number of herdsmen,respectively.Both types were also the main groups of overgraze.The overload rate of type I and type II were 67%and 65%.Regression analysis showed that there was a Significant correlation between households’grassland area and its overloading rate,with actual livestock stocking was more than its theoretical grazing capacity and the overstocking rate is positive when the grassland area was less than 218 hm^2/household or 30 hm^2/person,and the overstocking rate was decreased with the increase of the grassland area per household,which accounted for 94.9%of the total number of herdsmen.If the grassland area was above 218 hm^2/household or 30 hm^2/person,There was no overgrazing and the proportion of this type was up to 5.1%of the total number of herdsmen.Therefore,the overload phenomenon mainly occurs in a large number of small-scale households in the region,and the implementation of forbidding grazing and reducing livestock should focus on such small-scale households.The research results have important practical and guiding significance for all regions to achieve the expected goal of grass-livestock balance as soon as possible.