中共对反帝统一战线的认识演变(1931—1937)——兼论抗日民族统一战线的理论来源

The Evolution of the CPC's Understanding of the Anti-Imperialist United Front (1931—1937):Also on the Theoretical Sources for the Anti-Japanese National United Front

1931年至1937年间,中共对反帝统一战线的认识经历了复杂变化。1931年九一八事变前后,出于对英、法、日协同侵略的担忧,中共提出反帝统一战线。1933年希特勒上台后,共产国际发出反法西斯的号召。中共将反法西斯解读为反国民党,逐渐发展出反帝反法西斯统一战线。1935年共产国际七大要求区分人民阵线与反帝统一战线,指示中共继续坚持反帝统一战线,将敌人主要锁定在日本一国。1936年中共提出"抗日的人民阵线",引发国统区对中共统一战线性质的误判。随后,中共将统一战线更名为"抗日民族统一战线",并多次澄清其与人民阵线的区别。中共统一战线策略口号虽几经变化,帝国主义理论仍是其一以贯之的理论支撑。

From 1931 to 1937,the CPC’s understanding of the anti-imperialist united front underwent a number of complicated changes.Before and after the Mukden Incident in 1931,due to worries about aggressive actions by the UK,France,and Japan,the CPC proposed the establishment of an anti-Japanese united front.After Hitler came to power in 1933,the Communist International issued a call to oppose fascism.The CPC interpreted the call to oppose fascism as also a call to oppose the KMT and it gradually developed the anti-imperialist and anti-fascist united front.In 1935,the Seventh Congress of the Communist International requested that the people’s front be distinguished from the anti-imperialist united front and it instructed the CPC to continue its adherence to the antiimperialist united front and to regard Japan as the main enemy.In 1936,the CPC proposed a'people’s front against Japan,'which triggered an erroneous judgment in the Kuomintang-controlled areas about the nature of the CPC’s united front.Thereafter,the CPC changed the name of its united front to the'Anti-Japanese National United Front'and on numerous occasions it clarified its distinctions with the'People’s Front against Japan.'Although the strategic slogans used by the CPC united front changed several times,imperialist theory ensured its coherence as theoretical support.