《大清律例》条标的运用与启示

Application and Enlightenment of Section Headings in the Great Qing Legal Code

《大清律例》继承了《唐律疏议》《宋刑统》和《大明律》等律典设立条标的传统,也设置了条标。《大清律例》的条标被广泛适用,时间上纵贯古代、近代和当代三大历史时期。运用形式包括了官方与民间的诸多领域。在司法官的判词,司法参与人员撰写的司法经验总结,官吏奏折,学者的论文、著作等研究成果中,都运用过这一条标。《大清律例》条标的广泛运用证明,条标有其独特的作用,而且具有不可替代性。在当今中国的立法中,有些地方人大与政府制定的地方性法规与政府规章里,设置过条标。最高人民法院在其司法解释中,为1997年刑法典设置过条标,而且还在判决书里运用过其中的条标。当前,有必要扩大设置条标的范围,使其广泛被运用,助力于中国的立法、行政执法、司法、守法、法学教育与研究、法治宣传与传播等,大力推进全面依法治国。

The Great Qing Legal Code inherited the tradition of setting section headings adopted by the Tang Code, the Song Code, the Ming Code and other codes. The section headings of the Great Qing Legal Code were widely applied from ancient time, modern time to contemporary time. The application modes include various fields in authorities and folks. The section headings can be found in judgments of judges, summaries drafted by judicial staffs, officials’ memorials to the throne, scholars’ essays, books and other research achievements. The unique and irreplaceable role of section headings has been proved by their wide application;a code with section headings is better than that without them. In the legislation of today’s China, section headings have been adopted in regulations and rules stipulated by some local people’s congresses and governments. Furthermore, the Supreme People’s Court used section headings for the Criminal Law of 1997 in the judicial interpretation which have been applied in the judgments. At present, it is of great necessity to expand the scope of adopting section headings in order to promote Chinese legislation, administrative law enforcement, administration of justice, abidance by the law, legal education and research, the rule of law propaganda and dissemination, and vigorously advance the comprehensive law-based governance.